Tiantai Annotated Bib

Sui

Guanding 釋灌頂, The Hundred Records of the Temple of National Purity, trans. Paul L. Swanson (BDK America, Incorporated, 2022), https://books.google.com?id=vNIe0AEACAAJ. primary

Translates the Guo qing bai lu 國清百錄 (T.1934).

Jinhua Chen, Making and remaking history: a study of Tiantai sectarian historiography, 1. publ, Studia philologica Buddhica Monograph series 14 (Tokyo: International Institute for Buddhist Studies of the International College for Advanced Buddhist Studies, 1999).

writings by Tiantai Zhiyi

Zhiyi and Paul L. Swanson, Clear Serenity, Quiet Insight: T’ien-t’ai Chih-i’s Mo-ho Chih-Kuan (University of Hawaii Press, 2017). primary

Complete translation of Zhiyi's Great Calming and Contemplation 摩訶止觀 (T.1911).

Zhiyi and Dharmamitra, The essentials of Buddhist meditation: the essentials for practicing calming-and-insight & Dhyāna meditation ; a classic Śamathā-vipaśyanā meditation manual by the great Tiantai meditation master & exegete, Kalavinka Buddhist classics (Seattle, WA: Kalavinka Press, 2009). primary

Translation of Zhiyi's Small Calming and Contemplation 小止觀 (T.1915).

Zhiyi and Dharmamitra, The Six Dharma Gates to the Sublime: A Classic Meditation Manual on Traditional Indian Buddhist Meditation, 1st ed, Kalavinka Buddhist Classics (Seattle, WA: Kalavinka Press, 2009). primary

Translates Zhiyi's Liu miao famen 六妙法門 (T.1917).

Daniel Bruce Stevenson, “The T’ien-t’ai Four Forms of Samadhi and Late North-South Dynasties, Sui, and Early T’ang Buddhist Devotionalism” (PhD thesis, Columbia University, 1987), https://www.proquest.com/docview/303464875/abstract/9FA4DF470EFD4C26PQ/1. primary

Contains translations of Zhiyi's "vaipulya samādhi" instructions (T.1940 and T.1941), pp. 468–596.

interpretations of Zhiyi's thought

Guttorm Norberg Gundersen, “Attacked by Māra. Tiantai Zhiyi (538-597) and the Birth of Chinese Buddhist Meditative Demonology” (Master’s thesis, 2017), https://www.duo.uio.no/handle/10852/57987.

Mei-Yu Lin, “Coming to Terms with Zhiyi’s Buddhānusmṛti: A Critical Reading of Zhiyi’s Theory in Dynamic Mind” (PhD thesis, University of the West), accessed August 24, 2021, https://www.proquest.com/docview/1776718076/abstract/A47B86EEDEF642F9PQ/1.

Paul Swanson, In Search of Clarity: Essays on Translation and Tiantai Buddhism (Chisokudo Publications, 2018).

Yasuo Deguchi, “Non-Dualism of the Two Truths: Sanlun and Tiantai on Contradictions,” in What Can’t Be Said: Paradox and Contradiction in East Asian Thought, by Jay L. Garfield, Graham Priest, and Robert H. Sharf (New York, NY, United States of America: Oxford University Press, 2021).

Ng Yu-Kwan, T’ien-t’ai Buddhism and Early Madhyamika (University of Hawaii Press, 1993).

Haiyan Shen, The Profound Meaning of the Lotus Sutra: T’ien-t’ai Philosophy of Buddhism (Originals, 2005).

Hans-Rudolf Kantor, “Dynamics of Practice and Understanding – Chinese Tiantai Philosophy of Contemplation and Deconstruction,” in Dao Companion to Chinese Buddhist Philosophy, ed. Youru Wang and Sandra A. Wawrytko (Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2018), 265–92, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2939-3_12.

Hans-Rudolf Kantor, “Tiantai Buddhist Elaborations on the Hidden and Visible,” Asiatische Studien - Études Asiatiques 74, no. 4 (November 1, 2020): 883–910, https://doi.org/10.1515/asia-2019-0008.

Tang

Linda L. Penkower, “T’ien-t’ai During the T’ang Dynasty: Chan-jan and the Sinification of Buddhism” (PhD thesis, Columbia University, 1993), https://www.proquest.com/docview/304039087/abstract/89B0E65433AF474BPQ/1. primary

Includes a translation of Zhanran's Diamond Scalpel 金剛錍 (T.1932).

Shuman Chen, “The Liberation of Matter: Examining Jingxi Zhanran’s Philosophy of the Buddha-Nature of Insentient Beings in Tiantai Buddhism” (PhD thesis, Northwestern University, 2014), https://www.proquest.com/docview/1558186677/abstract/2E7AE5B0EAC94317PQ/1.

Shi Zhanru 釋湛如, “The Merging of Tiantai and Vinaya: The Monks of Ximing Monastery and Mount Tiantai,” Hualin International Journal of Buddhist Studies, May 2021, https://buddhism.lib.ntu.edu.tw/DLMBS/jp/search/search_detail.jsp?seq=639994.

medieval Japan

Paul Groner, Saichō: The Establishment of the Japanese Tendai School: With a New Preface (Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2000).

Paul Groner, Ryogen and Mount Hiei: Japanese Tendai in the Tenth Century, Kuroda Studies in East Asian Buddhism 28 (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2002), https://doi.org/10.21313/9780824864200.

Gishin, “The Collected Teachings of the Tendai Lotus School,” in The Essentials of the Vinaya Tradition and The Collected Teachings of the Tendai Lotus School, trans. Paul Swanson, BDK English Tripiṭaka, 97-I-II (Berkeley, Calif: Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research, 1995). primary

Paul Groner, “Shortening the Path: Early Tendai Interpretations of the Realization of Buddhahood with This Very Body (Sokushin Jobutsu),” in Paths to Liberation: The Mārga and Its Transformations in Buddhist Thought, ed. Robert E. Buswell and Robert M. Gimello (University of Hawaii Press, 2022), 439–74, https://doi.org/10.1515/9780824890667-014.

Jacqueline I. Stone, Original Enlightenment and the Transformation of Medieval Japanese Buddhism (University of Hawaii Press, 2003), https://doi.org/10.1515/9780824840501.

Paul Groner, Precepts, Ordinations, and Practice in Medieval Japanese Tendai, Studies in East Asian Buddhism 31 (Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, 2022).

Lucia Dolce, “Taimitsu: The Esoteric Buddhism of the Tendai School,” in Esoteric Buddhism and the Tantras in East Asia, ed. Charles D. Orzech, Henrik Hjort Sorensen, and Richard Karl Payne, Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section Four, China, vol. 24 (Leiden ; Boston: Brill, 2011).

Or Porath, “The Flower of Dharma Nature: Sexual Consecration and Amalgamation in Medieval Japanese Buddhism” (PhD thesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, 2019), https://www.proquest.com/docview/2310746574/abstract/9E9694A750064F32PQ/1.

Examines ritual manuscripts for acolyte-consecration (chigo kanjō 児灌頂) in medieval Tendai, drawing conclusions about the culture of male-male sexuality as well as Buddhist-Shintō relations.

relations among East Asian states in the 9th–10th centuries

Benjamin Brose, “Crossing Ten-Thousand Li of Waves: The Return of China’s Lost Tiantai Texts,” Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies, January 1, 2008, https://www.academia.edu/43247825/Crossing_Ten_Thousand_Li_of_Waves_The_Return_of_China_s_Lost_Tiantai_Texts.

Chi-wah Chan, “The Korean Impact on T’ien-t’ai Buddhism in China: A Historical Analysis,” in Currents and Countercurrents: Korean Influences on the East Asian Buddhist Traditions, ed. Robert E. Buswell (University of Hawaii Press, 2005), 217–41, https://doi.org/10.1515/9780824874490-008.

Jeffrey Kotyk, “The Medieval Chinese Vision of Japan: Buddhist Perspectives in the Tang and Song Periods,” Studies in Chinese Religions 6, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 360–85, https://doi.org/10.1080/23729988.2020.1854573.

Chegwan, “A Guide to the Tiantai Fourfold Teachings,” in Tiantai Lotus Texts, trans. Masao Ichishima and David W. Chappell, BDK English Tripiṭaka Series (Berkeley, California: Bukkyō Dendō Kyōkai America, Inc, 2013). primary

Translation of the text by the Goryeo monk Chegwan (天台四教儀 T.1931).

Song

Daniel B. Stevenson, “Protocols of Power: Tz’u-Yün Tsun-shih (964-1032) and T’ien-t’ai Lay Buddhist Ritual in the Sung,” in Buddhism in the Sung, ed. Daniel A. Getz and Peter N. Gregory (University of Hawaii Press, 2022), 340–408, https://doi.org/10.1515/9780824843649-011.

Daniel A. Getz, “T’ien-t’ai Pure Land Societies and the Creation of the Pure Land Patriarchate,” in Buddhism in the Sung, ed. Daniel A. Getz and Peter N. Gregory (University of Hawaii Press, 2022), 477–523, https://doi.org/10.1515/9780824843649-014.

Daniel A. Getz, “Popular Religion and Pure Land in Song-Dynasty Tiantai Bodhisattva Precept Ordination Ceremonies,” in Going Forth: Visions of Buddhist Vinaya; Essays Presented in Honor of Professor Stanley Weinstein, ed. William M. Bodiford, Studies in East Asian Buddhism 18 (Honolulu: Univ. of Hawai’i Press, 2005).

Hun Y. Lye, “Song Tiantai Ghost-Feeding Rituals,” in Esoteric Buddhism and the Tantras in East Asia, ed. Charles D. Orzech, Henrik Hjort Sorensen, and Richard Karl Payne, Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section Four, China, vol. 24 (Leiden ; Boston: Brill, 2011).

Koichi Shinohara, “From Local History to Universal History: The Construction of the Sung T’ien-t’ai Lineage,” in Buddhism in the Sung, ed. Daniel A. Getz and Peter N. Gregory (University of Hawaii Press, 2022), 524–76, https://doi.org/10.1515/9780824843649-015.

Zhipan 志磐, Zhipan’s Account of the History of Buddhism in China, trans. Thomas Jülch, 3 vols. (Boston: Brill, 2019–2023). primary

Complete translation of the Comprehensive History of the Buddhist Patriarchs (Fozu tongji 佛祖統紀, T.2035), a universal history of Buddhism in China from a perspective promoting Tiantai, written by the Song monk Zhipan 志磐 (ca. 1220–1275).

Siming Zhili

Chi-wah Chan, “Chih-Li (960-1028) and the Crisis of T’ien-t’ai Buddhism in the Early Sung,” in Buddhism in the Sung, ed. Daniel A. Getz and Peter N. Gregory (University of Hawaii Press, 2022), 409–41, https://doi.org/10.1515/9780824843649-012.

Daniel Aaron Getz, Siming Zhili and Tiantai Pure Land in the Song Dynasty (Yale University, 1994).

Brook Ziporyn, “What Is the Buddha Looking At? The Importance of Intersubjectivity in the T’ien-t’ai Tradition as Understood by Chih-li,” in Buddhism in the Sung, ed. Daniel A. Getz and Peter N. Gregory (University of Hawaii Press, 2022), 442–76, https://doi.org/10.1515/9780824843649-013.

Brook Ziporyn, Beyond Oneness and Difference: Li 理 and Coherence in Chinese Buddhist Thought and Its Antecedents (SUNY Press, 2013).

Brook Ziporyn, Evil and/or/as the Good: Omnicentrism, Intersubjectivity and Value Paradox in Tiantai Buddhist Thought (Harvard University Press, 2000).

Ming revival

Bingtao Ma, “In Quest of Orthodoxy: The Historiography of the Tiantai Buddhism in the Late Ming,” accessed December 8, 2024, https://wap.hillpublisher.com/UpFile/202209/20220914180800.pdf.

Alia Breitwieser Goehr, “The Genius of Form: Jin Shengtan’s (1608–1661) Transformational Literary Program” (University of Chicago, 2021), https://doi.org/10.6082/uchicago.3415.

Youxi Chuandeng

Yungfen Ma, The Revival of Tiantai Buddhism in the Late Ming: On the Thought of Youxi Chuandeng 幽溪傳燈 (1554-1628), 101AD.

Ernest Billings Brewster, “The "Non-Duality of Goodness and Badness": Youxi Chuandeng 幽溪傳燈 on the Badness Inherent in Reality,” 佛光學報 新8, no. 2 (July 1, 2022): 89–153, https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail/P20181205001-202207-202207260011-202207260011-89-153.

Ouyi Zhixu

Youteng Bi, “Reading As the Path Toward Enlightenment: Ouyi Zhixu’s Reorganization of the Buddhist Canon in the 17th-Century China,” 2024, https://repository.arizona.edu/handle/10150/672667.

Beverley Foulks McGuire, Living Karma: The Religious Practices of Ouyi Zhixu (Columbia University Press, 2014).

Tu Long

陳朗 (著)=Chen and Lang (au.), “Mad but Not Chan: Tu Long (1543-1605) and the Tiantai School of Buddhism=狂而非禪：屠隆與天台宗,” 佛光學報=Fo Guang Journal of Buddhist Studies, July 2019, https://buddhism.lib.ntu.edu.tw/DLMBS/en/search/search_detail.jsp?seq=592458&q=chan%20school&qf=TOPIC&comefrom=searchengine.

Mengxiao Wang, “Reconciling the Three Teachings: Tu Long’s (1543–1605) Self-Cultivation and Playwriting,” Late Imperial China 41, no. 1 (2020): 1–37, https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/757072.

Tokugawa

William M. Bodiford, “When Secrecy Ends: The Tokugawa Reformation of Tendai Buddhism and Its Implications,” in The Culture of Secrecy in Japanese Religion, ed. Bernhard Scheid and Mark Teeuwen (London New York: Routledge, 2006).

The eighteenth century Anraku 安樂 reforms in Tendai, initiated by Reikū Kōken 霊空光謙 (1652–1739), aimed to wipe out the medieval culture of secret ordination, enforce vinaya and proper ordination, and promote a new doctrinal orthodoxy. The second objective was attained for much of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, though enforcement of vinaya ended conclusively in the Meiji, and the first was permanently successful. The new sectarian doctrinal foundation was based on the thought of Zhili, as mediated through Huaize (of the Yuan), Chuandeng, and Ouyi Zhixu—concomitant with a general move toward textual study in intellectual culture seen in the Tokugawa and Qing Confucian evidential learning 考證學.

William M. Bodiford, “Anraku Ritsu: Genealogies of the Tendai Vinaya Revival in Early Modern Japan,” The Eastern Buddhist 49, no. 1/2 (2018): 181–210, https://www.jstor.org/stable/48711043.

Bodiford argues that Anrakuritsu 安樂律 was likely influenced by Chinese émigré Yinyuan Longqi 隱元隆琦 (Jpn. Ingen Ryūki, 1592–1673), associated with the Ming vinaya revival that began with Guxin Ruxin 古心如馨 (1541–1616).

20th century

James Hugh Carter, Heart of Buddha, Heart of China: The Life of Tanxu, a Twentieth-Century Monk (New York Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011), https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195398854.001.0001.

A biography of the Tiantai monk Tanxu 倓虚 (1875–1963), which is not interested in his school affiliation, but uses his life and travels to examine modern China.

Ester Bianchi, “Revisiting Impurity in Republican China: An Evaluation of the Modern Rediscovery of Bujing Guan 不淨觀,” Religions 12, no. 10, 10 (October 2021): 903, https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12100903.

Daniela Campo, “Bridging the Gap: Chan and Tiantai Dharma Lineages from Republican to Post-Mao China,” in Buddhism After Mao: Negotiations, Continuities, and Reinventions, ed. Zhe Ji, Gareth Fisher, and André Laliberté (Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2019).

Rongdao Lai, “Tiantai Transnationalism: Mobility, Identity, and Lineage Networks in Modern Chinese Buddhism,” in 11 Tiantai Transnationalism: Mobility, Identity, and Lineage Networks in Modern Chinese Buddhism (De Gruyter Oldenbourg, 2020), 210–24, https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110690101-011.

Stephen G. Covell, Japanese Temple Buddhism: Worldliness in a Religion of Renunciation (University of Hawaii Press, 2005), https://doi.org/10.1515/9780824863135.

Yohong Roh, “New Wine in an Old Bottle: The Korean Monk Sangwŏl (1911-1974) and the Rise of the Ch’ŏnt’ae School of Buddhism” (PhD thesis, University of Kansas, 2017).

Yohong Roh, “Modern Ch’ŏnt’ae Buddhism: Toward Understanding a New Religious Movement in Korea” (Temple University, 2024), https://scholarshare.temple.edu/handle/20.500.12613/10663.

Mou Zongsan

Mou Zongsan, “The Place of the Tiantai Tradition in Chinese Buddhism,” in Late Works of Mou Zongsan: Selected Essays on Chinese Philosophy, trans. Jason T. Clower, Modern Chinese Philosophy 7 (Leiden: Brill, 2014). primary

Jason Clower, The Unlikely Buddhologist: Tiantai Buddhism in Mou Zongsan’s New Confucianism, Modern Chinese Philosophy 2.0 (BRILL, 2010).

Hans-Rudolf Kantor, “Ontological Indeterminacy and Its Soteriological Relevance: An Assessment of Mou Zongsan’s (1909-1995) Interpretation of Zhiyi’s (538-597) Tiantai Buddhism,” Philosophy East and West 56, no. 1 (2006): 16–68, https://www.jstor.org/stable/4488000.

appropriations of Tiantai thought in Western philosophy

Brook Ziporyn, Being and Ambiguity: Philosophical Experiments With Tiantai Buddhism (Open Court, 2004).

Brook Ziporyn, Emptiness and Omnipresence: An Essential Introduction to Tiantai Buddhism (Indiana University Press, 2016).

Jason Dockstader, “Tiantai Metaethics,” Australasian Journal of Philosophy 0, no. 0 (August 1, 2021): 1–15, https://doi.org/10.1080/00048402.2021.1908379.

Kyohei Mikawa, “The Cunning of Buddhahood: An Omnitelic Reconception of Teleology in Tiantai Buddhist Thought” (PhD thesis, The University of Chicago, 2023), https://www.proquest.com/docview/2855740535/abstract/8B2B297915B54130PQ/1.